Emerging
India's external debt rose to $778.2 billion at end-June, 20.8% of GDP
Debt rose $15.4 billion in the quarter. Short-term debt by residual maturity reached 50.5% of foreign exchange reserves, up from 47.3% at end-March.
Rate Brief — Currencies and central banks, read from the decision itself
The useful half of a central bank statement is what it left out
Four habits for reading a rate decision: the vote, the unchanged clause, the effective date, and the footnote nobody quotes.
The ONS sets out how it intends to measure AI in the UK economy
A methodology release on 21 September sets out how the UK statistical office intends to measure artificial intelligence in the economy — and labels the output as not official statistics.
The FOMC raised by a quarter point to 3.75–4 percent on a 12–0 vote
The statement of 16 September puts the federal funds target range a quarter point higher, describes activity as expanding at a solid pace, and keeps the ample-reserves framework unchanged.
The ECB explains why this energy shock reached bills differently
An Economic Bulletin box argues the 2026 energy shock is smaller than 2021-22, that renewables weakened the link from gas to power prices, and that retail pass-through itself has changed.
The Bank of England borrows to fund its own currency reserves
A market notice on 21 September runs under the framework set a year ago: two benchmark issues a year, professionals only, and reserves that are the Bank's own rather than the Treasury's.